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Where is Oceania?
Australasia · Melanesia · Micronesia · Polynesia
From Wiktionary. Oceania is a geographical, often geopolitical, region consisting of numerous lands—mostly islands in the Pacific Ocean and vicinity. The exact scope of Oceania is defined variously, with interpretations often including Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and various islands of the Malay Archipelago. Ethnologically, the islands of Oceania are divided into the subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The term is also used by numerous authors and in many languages to define one of the continents.
Extent Originally coined by the French explorer Dumont d'Urville in 1831, Oceania has been traditionally divided into Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and Australasia. As with any region, however, interpretations vary; increasingly, geographers and scientists divide Oceania into Near Oceania and Remote Oceania.
Most of Oceania consists of small island nations. Australia is the only continental country but Indonesia has land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia.
Population ( estimate)
|
Name of territory |
Est Population |
Capital |
|
Australasia Australia Christmas Island (Australia) Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australia) New Zealand Norfolk Island (Australia)
|
21,050,000 1493 632 4,108,037 1,866 |
Canberra Flying Fish Cove West Island Wellington Kingston |
Melanesia Fiji Indonesia (Oceanian part only) New Caledonia (France) Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Vanuatu |
856,346 4,211,532 207,858 5,172,033 494,786 196,178 |
Suva Jakarta Nouméa Port Moresby Honiara Port Vila |
Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia Guam (USA) Kiribati Marshall Islands Nauru Northern Mariana Islands (USA) Palau |
135,869 160,796 96,335 73,630 12,329 77,311 19,409 |
Palikir Hagatna South Tarawa Majuro Yaren Saipan Melekeok |
Polynesia American Samoa (USA) Cook Islands (NZ) French Polynesia (France) Niue (NZ) Pitcairn Islands (UK) Samoa Tokelau (NZ) Tonga Tuvalu Wallis and Futuna (France) Total |
68,688 20,811 257,847 2,134 47 178,631 1,431 106,137 11,146 15,585 35,834,670
|
Pago Pago, Fagatogo Avarua Papeete Alofi Adamstown Apia
Nuku'alofa Funafuti Mata-Utu
|
Australia is sometimes not included in Oceania, although a term like Pacific Islands would normally be used to describe Oceania without Australia and New Zealand. The term "Australasia" invariably includes Australia, and usually includes New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and parts of Oceania, but this term is sometimes controversial outside of Australia, as it may be seen as indicating a link with Asia — a separate continent — or as too greatly emphasising Australia. "Austral" means "of, relating to, or coming from the south", and is the common root of both Australia and Australasia. Hawaii is the northern corner of the Polynesian triangle and is generally included in Oceania, though politically it is part of the United States. The Hawaiian language is a Polynesian member of the Oceanic language family, and Hawaiian culture is one of the major cultures of Polynesia. The few U.S. territories in the North Pacific are generally considered part of Oceania. Rapa Nui or Easter Island is the eastern corner of the Polynesian triangle, a Polynesian island in the eastern Pacific Ocean, part of the territory of Chile, and is generally included in Oceania, in which case the most easterly place in Polynesia and Oceania, is its dependency Sala y Gómez 415 km to the East. New Zealand is the western corner of the Polynesian triangle and its indigenous Māori constitute one of the major cultures of Polynesia. On very rare occasions the term may be stretched even further to include other Pacific island groups such as the Aleutian Islands.[citation needed] The line in Indonesia dividing Oceania from Asia varies in location and is sometimes considered to be the Wallace Line. See the transcontinental country article. Although Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands belong to the Commonwealth of Australia, they are west of Sumatra and commonly associated with Asia. The Philippines, an archipelago in the Western Pacific Ocean, is sometimes included in Oceania, due to its Austronesian people, its role as the centre of the former Spanish East Indies, and as a former naval power in the Pacific when it was a territory of the United States from (1898–1946). Except for Palawan all of its larger islands lie to the East of the Wallace line East Timor is frequently reckoned as a part of Oceania due to its geographical position to the east of the Wallace Line and its cultural ties to the Pacific people. See transcontinental country.
Ecogeography Oceania is one of eight terrestrial ecozones, which constitute the major ecological regions of the planet. The Oceania ecozone includes all of Micronesia, Fiji, and all of Polynesia except New Zealand. New Zealand, along with New Guinea and nearby islands, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia, constitute the separate Australasia ecozone.
The UN designation for Oceania is "Australia and New Zealand."
Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia.
New Zealand is often considered part of Polynesia rather than Australasia.
Excludes Timor-Leste and parts of Indonesia, island territories in Southeastern Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.
Indonesia is generally considered a territory of Southeastern Asia (UN region); wholly or partially, it is also frequently included in Australasia or Melanesia. Figures include Indonesian portion of New Guinea (Irian Jaya) and Maluku Islands.
Papua New Guinea is often considered part of Australasia as well as Melanesia.
Excludes the US state of Hawaii, which is distant from the North American landmass in the Pacific Ocean, and Easter Island, a territory of Chile in South America.
Countries and territories of Oceania Australasia Australia · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · New Zealand1 · Norfolk Island Melanesia Fiji · Indonesia (Maluku Islands) · New Caledonia · Papua New Guinea2 · Solomon Islands · Vanuatu Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia · Guam · Kiribati · Marshall Islands · Nauru · Northern Mariana Islands · Palau Polynesia American Samoa · Cook Islands · French Polynesia · Niue · Pitcairn · Samoa · Tokelau · Tonga · Tuvalu · Wallis and Futuna
Often included in Polynesia, New Guinea is often included in Australasia Oceania includes Australasia · Melanesia · Micronesia · Polynesia
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1388 |
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36 |
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